Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
in Aldehydes and Ketones

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Electrophilic Substitution Reaction

Aromatic aldehydes and ketones undergo electrophilic substitution reactions such as nitration, sulphonation and halogenation. Since the aldehydic group (-CHO) and ketonic group (-COR or -COAr) are electron-withdrawing, they are deactivating and m-directing.

Nitration

Electrophilic Substitution Reaction in aldehydes : nitration
Electrophilic Substitution Reaction in aldehydes : nitration

Sulphonation

Electrophilic Substitution Reaction in aldehydes and ketones : sulphonation
Electrophilic Substitution Reaction in aldehydes and ketones : sulphonation

Conversion

Convert benzene to m-nitroacetophenone.

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