Alkyne Introduction, Isomerism and Preparation
Alkyne
Hydrocarbons containing at least one triple bond are known as alkynes. The triple bond contains one σ bond and two π-bonds. The general formula for alkynes having only one triple bond is CnH2n-2. The first stable member of alkyne is ethyne which is also known as acetylene.
Isomers of alkynes
We have already discussed isomerism in general. We recommend you to read isomerism before reading this section.
The first two members of alkyne family — ethyne and propyne have only one structure but the higher members have more than
one structure.
Example : Butyne has the following two structures :
Isomers of Butyne
Similarly, pentyne has three isomers : pent-1-yne, pent-2-yne and 3-methylbut-1-yne.
Functional Isomerism
Alkynes are functional isomers with dienes.
Example : But-1-yne and buta-1,2-diene; but-1-yne and buta-1,3-diene are functional isomers.
Ring-chain Isomerism
Alkynes are ring-chain isomers with cycloalkenes.
Ring chain isomerism
Propyne
Cycloropene
Preparation of Alkynes
Some of the important ways of preparing alkynes are given below :
Preparation of Alkynes from Calcium Carbide
Ethyne is prepared by treating calcium carbide (CaC2) with water.
Preparation of Alkynes from Vicinal Dihalides
Vicinal dihalides on heating with alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide yield alkynes.
Alternatively, sodamide (NaNH2) in liquid ammonia can be used instead of alcoholic KOH.
Revision includes earlier concepts
Let's do some revision. The reactions used in the answer are the ones that we have learned so far. To find the answer, all you need to do is click the 'Answer' button; however, it is not recommended. Try to put some effort before clicking the answer button.
Do not forget the reactions. We will need them to do conversions in later chapters.