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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Introduction
Classification of halogen containing compounds
Preparation of haloalkanes from alcohols
Preparation of haloalkanes from hydrocarbons
Preparation of haloalkanes by halide exchange reaction
Preparation of haloarenes
Physical properties
Chemical properties of haloalkanes
Nucleophilic substitution reaction in haloalkanes
Elimination reaction in haloalakanes
Other important reactions of haloalkanes
Chemical properties of haloarenes
Nucleophilic substitution reaction in haloarenes
Electrophilic substitution reaction in haloarenes
Reaction of haloarenes with metals
Conceptual questions
Practice questions
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Conceptual Questions
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Explain why neopentyl chloride cannot be prepared by the action of HCl on neopentyl alcohol.
Explain why thionyl chloride method is preferred over hydrogen chloride or phosphorus pentachloride method for the preparation of chloroalkanes.
Why does fluorination of hydrocarbons with pure F
2
gas occur explosively?
Iodination of methane is reversible. Explain why.
Direct iodination of aromatic hydrocarbons is not useful. why?
Why do alkyl iodides on standing become violet or brown?
Haloarenes are insoluble in water but soluble in benzene. Explain.
p-Dichlorobenzene has higher melting point and lower solubility than those of o- and m-isomers. Explain.
Alkyl halides give alkyl cyanides with KCN but alkyl isocyanides with AgCN. Explain.
Haloalkanes react with KNO
2
to form alkyl nitrites while AgNO
2
forms nitroalkanes as the chief product. Explain.
The treatment of alkyl chloride with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in the presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes are the major products. Explain.
Wurtz reaction fails in case of tertiary alkyl halides. Explain.
Allyl chloride is hydrolyzed more readily than n-propyl chloride. Explain.
Vinyl chloride is hydrolyzed more slowly than ethyl chloride. Explain.
Haloalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitutions whereas haloarenes undergo electrophilic substitutions. Explain.
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